amakuru

Kuva ku miterere y'ibinyabutabire kugeza ku mahame y'imikorere: Gusobanukirwa 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS No. 3100-04-7, mu magambo ahinnye nka 1-MCP). Ukurikije imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, 1-MCP ni ikintu gito cya olefine kigaragara nk’umwuka udafite ibara ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba. Imiterere ya molekile yayo ni yoroshye ariko ifite imikorere yihariye ya biyoloji - ishobora "kubuza" neza ihererekanya ry’ibimenyetso bya ethylene mu bimera.

Ethylene ikora nk'"umukuru w'imbuto n'imboga, yihutisha uburyo bwo koroshya, guhindura ibara no kubora. Imiterere ya molekile ya 1-MCP isa cyane n'iya ethylene kandi ishobora gufatana na ethylene receptors ku buso bw'uturemangingo tw'ibimera mbere y'igihe, bigatuma "ihungabana rihoraho". Uku guhuza ni nko gushyira "ingofero y'umutekano" kuri ethylene receptor, bikabuza ethylene nyayo kohereza ibimenyetso byo kwera bityo bigatinza inzira yo kwera kw'imbuto n'imboga.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP ifite umwihariko wo "gukora neza cyane no gukoresha dose nke". Amakuru y'igerageza agaragaza ko ingano ya mikorolitero 0.1 kugeza kuri 1 kuri litiro imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mbuto n'imboga nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, yoroshye kwangirika mu bidukikije kandi ntizamara igihe kirekire mu butaka cyangwa mu mazi, ibi bikaba bihura n'ibikenewe mu iterambere ry'ubuhinzi budahumanya ibidukikije. Kuri ubu, ibihugu birenga 30 n'uturere two hirya no hino ku isi byemeje ikoreshwa ryayo mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi. Ubushinwa nabwo bwayishyize mu cyiciro cy'abashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera bemerewe gukoreshwa muri "Food Additive Use Standard".

Ikora ibintu byinshi: "Umurinzi w'ubushya" kuva ku kibuga kugera ku meza

Mu ngiro, ikoreshwa ryaIfu ya 1-MCPbyakoreye uruhererekane rwose rw'umusaruro w'imbuto n'imboga, ububiko, ubwikorezi n'ibicuruzwa, biba "umurinzi w'ibidukikije" w'ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi.

Icyiciro cyo kubika: Kongera igihe cyo kongera ubushyuhe no kugabanya igihombo

Mu bihe byashize, nubwo pome zabikwaga mu bubiko bukonje nyuma yo gusarurwa, umusaruro mwiza wagabanukaga ukagera kuri 70% nyuma y'amezi abiri. Ubu, hamwe no kuvurwa na 1-MCP, umusaruro mwiza ushobora kuguma kuri 92% nyuma y'amezi 4. Dukurikije imibare, nyuma yo gukoreshwa na 1-Methylcyclopropene ku mbuto za pectin nka pome na pea, igihe cyo kubika cyiyongereyeho inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3, kandi igihombo cya buri mwaka kigabanukaho toni zirenga miliyoni 3.

Isano yo gutwara abantu: Kunyura mu "mipaka y'igihe n'umwanya" no kwagura urwego rw'ibicuruzwa

Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, imyembe y’iyi koperative yinjiye neza ku masoko yo mu majyaruguru nka Heilongjiang na Jilin, aho ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byiyongeraho 40%. Mu rwego rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, uruhare rwa methylcyclopropene ni ingenzi cyane. Iyo sheri zo mu Bushinwa zoherejwe mu bihugu byo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo, nyuma yo kuvurwa na 1-MCP, igihe cyo kuzigama kiriyongera kuva ku minsi 3 kugeza ku minsi 10, kandi igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ingano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka ni 25%.

Urwego rw'ubucuruzi: Gukomeza ubushya no kongera ubunararibonye bw'abaguzi

Iyo binjijwe mu gice cy'imbuto n'imboga muri supermarket runaka, kiwifruit, strawberries, avoka n'izindi mbuto ziri ku kabati byose byanditseho "1-MCP preservation treatment". Imbuto n'imboga bivuwe na1-MethylcyclopropeneIfite igihe cyo kuruhuka cyongereweho iminsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 kandi ishobora kugumana uburyohe n'isura nziza. Ntabwo imyanda yagabanutse gusa, ahubwo n'abaguzi bashobora no kugura inkeri nshya, kandi igipimo cyo kuzigura cyariyongereyeho 18%.

Ahazaza hari icyizere: Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga twagura imbibi z'ikoreshwa

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo gukoresha 1-MCP buracyakomeza kwiyongera. Uretse imbuto n’imboga bisanzwe, ubu byakoreshejwe neza mu rwego rwo kubungabunga indabyo. Iri koranabuhanga ryatejwe imbere mu bwoko bw’indabyo ziciwe nka carnations na lilies, bigabanya kubura indabyo mu gihe cyo kuzitwara no kuzigurisha.

Hagati aho, kugira ngo hongerwe umutekano n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, ikigo cyanatangije ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa bya 1-MCP. Uretse ibikoresho bisanzwe bisohora gaze, ibicuruzwa bikomeye birekura gaze kandi bikozwe mu mavuta ya tableti byagiye birushaho kuba ibintu bikurura isoko buhoro buhoro. Ibi bicuruzwa ntibisaba ibikoresho by'umwuga, kandi abahinzi bashobora kubikoresha byoroshye mu ngo zabo.

1-MethylcyclopropeneNtabwo ari uburyo bwo kubungabunga gusa ahubwo ni "inkunga y'ikoranabuhanga" mu guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubuhinzi rifite ireme. Mu gihe kizaza, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya 1-MCP bizarushaho gushimangirwa, biyobore ibigo bikora kurikoresha mu buryo busanzwe, kugira ngo iri "koranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga" rishobore gufasha abahinzi kongera amafaranga, inyungu z'abaguzi no kuzamura uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi.

Ese 1-methylcyclopropene nta kibazo ifite?

1-methylcyclopropene ni "kode yo kubungabunga" ifite uburozi buke kandi ikora neza cyane. methylcyclopropene ni olefin ntoya ikora ku buryo idafite ibara mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bw'imikorere yayo ni "gufunga ibimenyetso bya ethylene". Amakuru y'ikoranabuhanga agaragaza ko ethylene, nk'"imisemburo yo kwera" ku bimera, ishobora kwihutisha imbuto n'imboga nyuma yo kwera no koroha. 1-MCP ishobora gufatana na ethylene receptors mbere na mbere igafunga aho hantu igihe kirekire, ikabuza uburyo bwo kwera kuva aho isoko rituruka, ibi bikaba bishobora kongera igihe cyo kumara imbuto n'imboga ku kigero cya 50% kugeza kuri 200%.

Igikwiye kwitabwaho cyane ni amakuru y’umutekano wayo: uburozi bukabije bwa LD50 mu kanwa no mu maraso burenze 5000mg/kg, byujuje ibipimo by’ “uburozi busanzwe butari uburozi”. Agaciro ka ADI (ifunguro ryemewe ku munsi) ni 0.0009mg/kg by’uburemere bw’umubiri. 1-Methylcyclopropene yemejwe gukoreshwa mu bihugu birenga 30 birimo Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Uburayi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibisigazwa bya 1-MCP mu mbuto n’imboga ari bike cyane kandi byoroshye kwangirika. Iyo ikoreshejwe mu buryo busanzwe, ntabwo ibangamira ubuzima bw’abantu.

Unilong ni umunyamwugaAbatanga 1-methylcyclopropene. Ubuziranenge bw'ifu ya 1-mcp dukora bushobora kugera kuri 3.7%. Birazwi neza ko igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ubuziranenge bwa 1-mcp ari 3.3%. Hagati aho, dushobora gutanga doze nto n'udupaki duto twa 0.035%. 1-MCP ni molekile y'umwuka ikoreshwa mu maduka y'inganda cyangwa mu dusanduku tw'imbuto. Nyuma yo gutunganya, izashira burundu kandi nta bisigazwa bya shimi bisigara ku bicuruzwa.Ese?