amakuru

Mu nganda z’ibinyabutabire, hari ibicuruzwa bibiri bifite amazina asa cyane, ari byo aside glyoxylic na aside glycolic. Akenshi abantu ntibashobora kubitandukanya. Uyu munsi, reka turebere hamwe ibi bicuruzwa bibiri. aside glyoxylic na aside glycolic ni ibintu bibiri by’umwimerere bifite itandukaniro rikomeye mu miterere n’imiterere. Itandukaniro ryabyo ahanini riri mu miterere ya molekile, imiterere ya chimique, imiterere y’umubiri n’ikoreshwa ryabyo, nk’uko bikurikira:

Imiterere n'imiterere ya molekile biratandukanye

Iri ni ryo tandukaniro ry'ibanze hagati y'ibyo byombi, rigena mu buryo butaziguye itandukaniro riri mu yindi miterere.

aside glioxylic

CAS 298-12-4, hamwe na formula ya chimique C2H2O3 na formula y'imiterere ya HOOC-CHO, irimo amatsinda abiri y'imikorere - itsinda rya karboxyl (-COOH) n'itsinda rya aldehyde (-CHO), kandi iri mu bwoko bwa aside aldehyde.

aside glycolic

CAS 79-14-1, hamwe na formula ya chimique C2H4O3 na formula y'imiterere ya HOOC-CH2OH, igizwe n'amatsinda abiri y'imikorere - itsinda rya karboxyl (-COOH) n'itsinda rya hydroxyl (-OH), kandi iri mu cyiciro cya aside α-hydroxy.

Formula za molekile z’ibyo byombi zitandukanye bitewe na atome ebyiri za hydrogen (H2), kandi itandukaniro riri hagati y’amatsinda y’imikorere (itsinda rya aldehyde ugereranyije n’itsinda rya hydroxyl) ni ryo tandukaniro ry’ingenzi.

Imiterere itandukanye y'ibinyabutabire

Itandukaniro mu matsinda y’imikorere rituma habaho imiterere itandukanye cyane ya shimi hagati y’ibyo byombi:

Ibirangaaside glioxylike(kubera ko hari amatsinda ya aldehyde):

Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugabanya: itsinda rya aldehyde rishobora gukurwamo ogisijeni byoroshye kandi rishobora gukora indorerwamo y'ifeza hamwe n'umuti wa amoniya y'ifeza, rigakorana n'umuti wa hydroxide w'umuringa uherutse gutegurwa kugira ngo rikore umutuku utukura (ogisijeni itukura), kandi rishobora no gukurwamo ogisijeni na aside oxalike hakoreshejwe ogisijeni nka permanganate ya potasiyumu na peroxide ya hydrogen.

Amatsinda ya Aldehyde ashobora kugira ingaruka zo kongeramo: urugero, ashobora kugira ingaruka hamwe na hydrogen kugira ngo akore aside glycolic (iyi ni ubwoko bw'isano hagati y'ibyo byombi).

Ibiranga aside glycolic (biterwa no kuba hari amatsinda ya hydroxyl):

Amatsinda ya Hydroxyl afite imiterere ya nucleophilic: ashobora gukora ibikorwa byo gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo mu buryo bwa "intramolecular" cyangwa intermolecular hamwe n’amatsinda ya carboxyl kugira ngo habeho esters cyangwa polyesters (nk'aside polyglycolic, polymer material ibora).

Amatsinda ya Hydroxyl ashobora gukurwamo ogisijeni: icyakora, ingorane zo gukurwamo ogisijeni ziri hejuru kurusha iz’amatsinda ya aldehyde muri aside glyoxylic, kandi hakenewe ogisijeni ikomeye (nk’iy’potassium dichromate) kugira ngo ogisijeni y’amatsinda ya hydroxyl ishyirwemo amatsinda ya aldehyde cyangwa amatsinda ya karboksili.

Ubusharire bw'itsinda rya karubokisili: Byombi birimo amatsinda ya karubokisili kandi bifite aside. Ariko, itsinda rya hydroxyl rya aside glycolic rifite ingaruka nke zo gutanga electron kuri itsinda rya karubokisili, kandi ubusharire bwaryo ni buke gato ugereranyije n'ubwa aside glycolic (aside glycolic pKa≈3.18, aside glycolic pKa≈3.83).

Imiterere itandukanye y'umubiri

Imiterere n'uburyo ibintu bishonga:

Bishongesha byoroshye mu mazi no mu bintu bishongesha ibinyabuzima (nk'ethanol), ariko bitewe n'itandukaniro rya molekile, gushonga kwabyo gutandukanye gato (aside glyoxylic ifite polarity ikomeye n'umushonge mwinshi mu mazi).

Aho gushonga

Aho aside glyoxylic ishongesha ni hafi 98°C, mu gihe aside glyolic iri hafi 78-79°C. Itandukaniro rituruka ku mbaraga za molekile (itsinda rya aldehyde rya aside glyoxylic rifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora imigozi ya hydrogen hamwe n'itsinda rya karubokisili).

Porogaramu zitandukanye

aside glioxylic

Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zikora imisemburo y’umwimerere, nko gukora vanillin (uburyohe), allantoin (umuti uvura ibikomere), p-hydroxyphenylglycine (umuti uvura ibiyobyabwenge), nibindi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'inyongera mu bikoresho byo gusiga cyangwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga (ikoresha imiterere yayo igabanya kandi irwanya ogisijeni). Ibikoresho byo kwita ku musatsi: Nk'ikintu cyoroshya, ifasha gusana imitsi y'umusatsi yangiritse no kongera ubwiza bw'umusatsi (igomba guhuzwa n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo igabanye uburibwe).

aside glycolic

Nk'aside α-hydroxy (AHA), akamaro kayo k'ingenzi ni mu bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa byo kwita ku ruhu. Ikora nk'ikintu gikuraho ibara ry'uruhu (mu gushonga ibintu bihuza uruhu kugira ngo bitume uruhu rwapfuye rusohoka), ikagabanya ibibazo nk'uruhu rwangiritse n'ibibara by'ibiheri. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa no mu nganda z'imyenda (nk'umuti wo gusiba), imiti isukura (yo gukuraho igipimo), no mu gukora plastiki yangirika (aside polyglycolic).

Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ibi bintu bibiri rikomoka ku matsinda y’imikorere: aside glyoxylic irimo itsinda rya aldehyde (rifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugabanya, rikoreshwa mu gukora organic synthesis), naho aside glyolic irimo itsinda rya hydroxyl (rishobora kwemezwa, rigakoreshwa mu kwita ku ruhu no mu bikoresho). Kuva ku miterere kugeza ku miterere yarwo kugeza ku ikoreshwa ryarwo, byose bigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye bitewe n’iri tandukaniro ry’ingenzi.