amakuru

Impeshyi irageze, kandi ikintu giteye urujijo kuri buri wese ni ukubungabunga ibiryo. Ni gute twakwizeza ko ibiryo bishya byabaye ingingo ishyushye muri iki gihe. None se twabika dute imbuto n'imboga nshya mu gihe cy'izuba rikabije? Mu gihe cy'iki kibazo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwavumbuye uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ibikorwa bya ethylene -1-MCP. Indwara ya 1-MCP ntabwo ari uburozi gusa, nta kibi kirimo, nta bisigazwa, kandi ntingiza ibidukikije, ahubwo inakoreshwa cyane mu kubungabunga imbuto, imboga n'indabyo. Hasi aha, turabagezaho ibisobanuro byihariye by'umusaruro wa 1-MCP.

1-MCP ni iki?

1-MCP, izwi kandi nka 1-Methylcycloprotene,CAS 3100-04-7. 1-MCP ni umuti urinda ethylene ushobora gukumira urukurikirane rw'ingaruka z'umubiri n'ibinyabutabire bifitanye isano no kwera kw'imbuto biterwa na ethylene, ukabuza ibimera guhumeka cyane, ugatinza kwera kw'imbuto no gusaza, ukarinda imiterere y'umwimerere n'ubwiza bw'imbuto n'imboga igihe kirekire, ukagabanya amazi aturuka mu mazi, ukagabanya kwangirika kw'indwara no kwangirika kwa mikorobe, kugira ngo imbuto zikomeze kubika neza. Kandi 1-MCP ntabwo ihumanya kandi nta bisigazwa byayo, yujuje ibipimo bitandukanye by'imiti irinda indwara mu gihugu, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa neza.

Ibisobanuro bya 1-MCP

Porogaramu ya 1-MCP

Mbere yo gukoresha 1-MCP, uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika no kubika bwakoreshejwe: 1. Gukonjesha mu bushyuhe buke, 2. kubika ikirere gicungwa neza, na 3. Gukoresha ubushyuhe, urumuri, no gutunganya mikoroonde. Ariko, ubu buryo butatu busaba abakozi benshi n'umutungo, kandi igihe ni kirekire kandi ni gito. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 1-MCP ishobora guhangana neza no gufatana na ethylene receptors, bigatuma imbuto zitinda kwera no gusaza. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo butari uburozi, ikoreshwa rike, imikorere yayo ihamye, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwayo buhamye bwo kubika imboga, ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu kubika imbuto n'imboga, ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kuzikoresha no kuzizamura ku isoko.

1-MCP ntabwo ibuza gusa cyangwa ngo itinze gusaza kw'ibimera, ahubwo inagira uburozi buke. LD50>5000mg/kg mu by'ukuri ni ikintu kidahumanya; Igipimo gikoreshwa ni gito cyane, kandi iyo utunganya imbuto, imboga, n'indabyo, igipimo kiri mu kirere kigomba kuba kimwe cya miliyoni imwe gusa, bityo igipimo gisigaye mu mbuto, imboga, n'indabyo nyuma yo gukoreshwa kiba gito cyane ku buryo kidashobora kugaragara; 1-MCP kandi yatsinze igenzura ry'Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kandi ifatwa nk'aho ifite umutekano kandi idafite uburozi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ndabyo, imbuto n'imboga, kandi ifite umutekano ku bantu, inyamaswa, n'ibidukikije. Nta mpamvu yo gushyiraho amabwiriza yo gukoresha mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha.

Isoko ry’imigabane ya 1-MCP rihagaze gute?

Ku bihugu by’ubuhinzi, imbuto n’imboga nyinshi bihingwa buri mwaka. Bitewe n’iterambere rito ry’ibicuruzwa bikonjesha mu buryo bw’ubuhinzi, hafi 85% by’imbuto n’imboga zikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe, bigatuma habaho kubora no gutakaza byinshi. Ibi bitanga isoko rinini ryo kwamamaza no gukoresha 1-methylcyclopropene. Ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi bigaragaza ko 1-methylcyclopropene ishobora kugabanya cyane uburyo imbuto n’imboga zibora kandi zikangirika, kandi ikazongera igihe cyo kuzibika no kuzibika. Ibi bisoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya1-MCPNiba wifuza kumenya byinshi kuri icyo gicuruzwa, nyamuneka unsigire ubutumwa.