amakuru

Polyethyleneimine(PEI mu magambo ahinnye), ifite umubare wa CAS wa 9002-98-6, ni polymer ya cationic ishongera mu mazi. Ikiranga cyayo cy'ingenzi ni uko urunigi rwa molekuli rwayo rukungahaye ku matsinda menshi ya amine (amine z'ibanze, amine z'inyongera, na amine z'inyongera). Iyi miterere igaragaza alkalinity yayo ikomeye, reactivity yayo nyinshi, n'imiterere yayo yihariye ya fiziki. Polyethyleneimine ifite agaciro kadasimburwa mu bintu byinshi.

I. Amakuru y'ibanze: Imiterere n'ishyirwa mu byiciro

1. Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire

Igice gisubiramo cya PEI ni -CH₂CH₂NH-, kandi amatsinda ya amino ari ku ruhererekane rwayo rwa molekile ayiha ubushobozi bukomeye bwa cationic (pKa≈10) – ndetse no mu bihe bidafite aside cyangwa aside nkeya, amatsinda ya amino ashobora kuba protonated (-NH₂→-NH₃⁺), ari na yo soko y'ingenzi y'amazi yayo ashongeshwa, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu n'amazi ndetse no kwinjiza amazi mu buso.

Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:

Polyethyleneimine (L-PEI): Uruhererekane rw'ibinyabutabire ni umurongo ugororotse, aho amine za kabiri ari zo itsinda ry'ingenzi rya amine (hafi 90%), kandi igipimo cya amine za mbere n'iza gatatu ni gito. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ibinyabutabire ni rito, kandi ubuziranenge buri hejuru.

Polyethyleneimine (B-PEI) ifite amashami: Uruhererekane rw'ibinyabutabire rurimo umubare munini w'iminyururu yo ku ruhande, hamwe n'igipimo kiringaniye cya amine z'ibanze (≈25%), amine z'inyongera (≈50%), na amine z'inyongera (≈25%), kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane. Ni bwo bwoko bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu nganda.

2. Imiterere y'ingenzi y'umubiri

Ii. Ibiranga by'ingenzi: Kuki PEI ikoreshwa cyane?

Imiterere ikomeye ya cationic n'ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya: Itsinda rya amino nyuma ya protonation rifite charge nziza kandi rishobora gukora complexes zihamye zifite ibintu bifite charge mbi (nka ADN, RNA, irangi rya anionic, ibumba, na iyoni z'icyuma), ari na yo nzira nyamukuru y'imikorere yaryo mu gutanga gene, gutunganya amazi, no kwinjiza icyuma.

Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora: Amatsinda ya amino (cyane cyane amine z’ibanze) ashobora kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye (nk’ibyongera Michael, gufungura impeta ya epoxy, acylation, ibikorwa byo guhuza), kandi ashobora gukoreshwa nk’ibintu bihuza n’ibindi kugira ngo bikore neza ubuso bw’ibintu.

Uburyo amazi ashonga n'uburyo atunganya firime: Uburyo amazi ashonga neza butuma byoroha gutunganya. Iyo amaze kumisha, ashobora gukora firime nini, kandi firime ifite ubushobozi bwo gufatana no kugabanya ubwikorezi.

Uburemere bukomeye bw'aside: Umubare munini w'amatsinda ya amine muri molekile utuma umuti wayo w'amazi uba alkaline cyane (pH≈10 kugeza 12), kandi ushobora kugira ingaruka zo kutagira aside.

Iii.Polyethylemine ikoreshwa iki?(Byashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe Ibisabwa

1. Urwego rw'ubuvuzi (Ishingiro: Ibyerekeye gutanga gene

PEI ni imwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zikoresha jeni zitari virusi muri iki gihe:

Ishingiro rya Cationic PEI na ADN/RNA ya anionic birema "PEI-nucleic acid complex" binyuze mu mikoranire ya electrostatic, bitarinda gusa aside nucleic kwangirika na nucleases ahubwo binatuma zinjira mu turemangingo binyuze muri endocytosis. Byongeye kandi, "ingaruka za proton sponge" za PEI (zifata protons mu turemangingo nyuma yo gusohora protons) Gutera gucika kwa vesicle bishobora gutuma aside nucleic zisohoka muri cytoplasm;

Imikoreshereze: Kuvura imiterere y’uturemangingo (nk’uko imiterere y’uturemangingo itangwa ku tubyimba n’indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo), gutanga urukingo rw’aside y’ingirabuzimafatizo, igerageza ryo gutera uturemangingo (ibikoreshwa cyane mu gutera uturemangingo twa PEI muri laboratwari);

Icyitonderwa: PEI ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile ifite uburozi bwinshi bwa cytotoxicity. Muri iki gihe, PEI yahinduwe ifite uburozi buke (nk'ifite uburozi bwa peG na PEI nanoparticles) yakozwe.

2. Ahantu ho gusukura amazi (Icyiciro cy'ingenzi: Flocculants, Adsorbents)

Flocculant: Umutungo wa cationic waPolyethylenemine PEIishobora kugabanya uduce duto dufite umuriro mu mazi (nk'umucanga, ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, na bagiteri), bigatuma uduce duto twishyira hamwe tugatuza. Ikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi yo kunywa no gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda (nk'imashini zicapa n'izisiga irangi, gukora impapuro), cyane cyane ikwiriye mu gutunganya amazi yanduye afite umwanda mwinshi n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera byinshi.

Inyunganizi Itsinda rya amino rya Polyethylenimine PEI rishobora gukora imiyoboro ihuza iyoni z'ibyuma biremereye (nka Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Pb²⁺), kandi rishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibyuma biremereye mu mazi yanduye yo mu nganda. Rishobora kandi gukorwamo ibikoresho byo kunyunganizi byahinduwe na polyethylenimine (nka PEI-activated carbon, PEI-nanofibers) kugira ngo ryongere ubushobozi bwo kunyunganizi.

3. Guhindura ubuso bw'ibikoresho (Ishingiro: Guhindura imikorere)

Guhindura impapuro/Fibre: Gutunganya impapuro hakoreshejwe PEI ya Polyethylenimine bishobora kongera imbaraga zayo z’ubutose, kudapfa amazi no gucapa neza (binyuze mu guhuza n’amatsinda ya hydroxyl ku buso bwa fibre), kandi bikoreshwa mu gukora impapuro zihariye (nk’impapuro zo gupfunyika, impapuro ziyungurura).

Gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma: Polyethylemine ishobora gukora agapira ko kurinda ku buso bw'icyuma, bigatuma icyuma kidakira ingese, kandi ishobora no gukora nk'ikintu gifasha mu gupfuka ibyuma.

Guhindura ibikoresho bya polymer: PEI ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gihuza cyangwa gihuza ibintu kugira ngo inoze imikoranire n'ubufatanye bwa polymer (nk'uburyo bwo guhindura impuzandengo ya polyurethane na epoxy resins), cyangwa kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amazi mu bikoresho (nk'amafilimi ya polyolefin yahinduwe na PEI).

4. Izindi porogaramu z'inganda

Ibikoresho byo gufunga: Itsinda rya amino rya PEI rishobora guhura n’ibice bihuza aldehyde, isocyanates, nibindi, kandi rishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifasha mu gushonga aldehyde zishingiye ku mazi. Polyethylenemine ikoreshwa mu gufunga imbaho, impapuro, n'icyuma, ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga kandi igakomeza kurwanya amazi neza.

Inganda zikora amarangi n'amabara: Polyethylenimine PEI ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gikoreshwa mu gusiga amarangi ya cationic (cyane cyane mu gusiga amarangi ku nsinga karemano nka ipamba na silk), kongera uburyo amarangi yorohera gukaraba no koga; Polyethylenimine ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gikwirakwiza amarangi kugira ngo hirindwe ko amarangi yiyongera.

Gucukura peteroli: PEI ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi yo mu bigega bya peteroli (nk'amazi afunga n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi), cyangwa nk'inyongeramusaruro y'amazi yo gucukura kugira ngo yongere ubuziranenge bw'amazi yo gucukura.

Mu guhindura uburemere bwa molekile (uburemere buke bwa molekile, uburozi buke; uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile, imikorere myinshi), imiterere (ifite umurongo ugororotse ugereranije n'amashami), n'uburyo bwo guhindura (peG-ylation, cross-linking, and compounding) byapolyethylenemine, ikoreshwa ryayo mu nzego zigezweho (nk'imiti itangwa ku buryo bwihariye n'ibikoresho byihariye bikora) rishobora kwaguka kurushaho.