amakuru

I. Imikorere myiza y'imiti irwanya udukoko twinshi idahuye

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-imwe (CMIT), hamwe na formula ya molekile C₄H₄ClNOS n'uburemere bwa molekile 149.6, ni kimwe mu bigize isothiazolinone izwi kandi yizewe cyane mu nganda zibungabunga ibidukikije ku isi. Ifite amanota 10 mu rutonde rw'ibitabo—ikimenyetso cyo hejuru cy'umutekano n'ubwizerwe—CMITyiyubatse nk'inkingi ikomeye mu kurinda imiti irwanya udukoko igezweho mu buryo butandukanye bw'inganda.

Mbere na mbere yakozwe kandi igurishwa na Rohm na Haas munsi y’izina rizwi cyane rya Kathon™, CMIT ikunze gukoreshwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'uruvange rwa 3:1 hamwe na Methylisothiazolinone (MIT). Uru ruvange rukomeye rufatwa nk'imwe mu miti ihendutse kandi ikora neza ku isoko ry'isi. CMIT irazwiho imikorere yayo idasanzwe ya spectrum, ikabuza neza gukura kwa bagiteri (za Gram-positive na negative), fungi, umusemburo, n'ibimera. Uburyo imbaraga zayo ziri mu gice cyayo cya sulfure gikora, gishyira ogisijeni mu bisigazwa birimo thiol mu turemangingo, kikabangamira poroteyine na enzymes zazo ndetse bigatera urupfu rwihuse rw'uturemangingo. Iyi reaction ikora neza igamije inzira z'ingenzi za metabolism, ikerekana ko mikorobe zidashobora kugira ubudahangarwa bwihuse - inyungu ikomeye kurusha izindi miti nyinshi zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Iyo iri hasi nka 150 ppm, ishobora guhagarika burundu gukura kwa bagiteri, kandi kuri 125 ppm, ikabuza burundu umusemburo n'ibihumyo, ikarinda umutekano w'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubibika no kubikoresha.

II. Ikoreshwa ry'inganda rishobora gukoreshwa mu nzego z'ingenzi

Akamaro ka5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-imweikwirakwira mu nzego nyinshi z'inganda, itanga uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibintu mu buryo bw'ingenzi aho kwandura kwa mikorobe bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'umutekano w'imikorere yabyo.

Mu gutunganya amazi mu nganda, CMIT ikoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha amazi, gutunganya amazi yanduye, no gutunganya amazi kugira ngo igenzure gukura kwa mikorobe no gukumira ko ibimera bihinduka. Biofilms zishobora kugabanya cyane uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe no kwihutisha ingese mu miyoboro n'ibikoresho. Mu gukuraho neza iyi miyoboro ya mikorobe, CMIT igenzura imikorere myiza n'igihe kirekire cy'ibikorwa remezo by'inganda bigoye, ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no guhagarika akazi. Mu nganda zikora irangi,CMITni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga irangi riri mu gikoresho, kurinda amarangi ashingiye ku mazi, emulsions, na kole zometseho kwangirika kwa mikorobe mu gihe cyo kubika. Iyo bitabitswe neza, ibi bicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika na bagiteri n'ibihumyo bigatera impumuro mbi, impinduka mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe, ndetse n'ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa. Urwego rwa peteroli na gaze rwishingikiriza kuri CMIT mu kurwanya kwanduza mikorobe mu mazi acukurwa n'ibikoresho byo mu icukura. Bagiteri zigabanya sulfate zishobora gukora hydrogen sulfide, bigatera kwangirika kw'ibigega no kwangirika gukomeye kw'ibikoresho by'icyuma. Byongeye kandi,CMITikora nk'ikintu kirinda kwangirika neza mu masabune, amasabune yo gusangiriraho amasahani, n'ibindi bikoresho byo gusukura mu ngo, ikarinda gukura kwa mikorobe zishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.

III. Uruhare rw'ingenzi mu kwita ku buzima bw'umuntu ku giti cye rufite imipaka ikomeye y'amategeko

Mu giheCMITni umuti uvura indwara ya biocide ukora neza cyane, ikoreshwa ryayo mu kwita ku bantu ku giti cyabo rigenzurwa cyane bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuvura indwara. Mu nganda zikora amavuta yo kwisiga, ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho byo koza nka shampoo, conditioner, no koza umubiri, aho imbaraga zayo zo kubungabunga umubiri zifasha mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Ariko, iyi porogaramu isaba ubuhanga buhanitse, kuko CMIT ari umuti w’uruhu wemewe ushobora gutera dermatitis y’uruhu ku bantu bashobora kwandura.

Dukurikije imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibimera (Cosmetic Safety Technical Specification) (2015 Edition), uruvange rwa CMIT/MIT rwa 3:1 rwemewe gusa mu bikoresho byo kwisiga byoza ku rugero ntarengwa rwa 0.0015% (15 ppm). Uru rugero ruto cyane rwo gukoresha rugaragaza imbaraga zidasanzwe z’iki kinyabutabire - nubwo kiri ku rugero ruto cyane, gitanga uburinzi buhagije ku bintu byinshi byanduye. Kurenga iki gipimo bitera ibyago bikomeye ku buzima, birimo gutukura k’uruhu, kuribwa, gushyuha, n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ubwivumbure. Ibikorwa biherutse gukorwa mu nzego zitandukanye bigaragaza akamaro ko gukurikiza aya mabwiriza y’umutekano. Abakora bagomba gukomeza amabwiriza akomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, uburyo bwo gutanga ingero zihamye, no gupima neza ibintu kugira ngo barebe ko abaguzi bafite umutekano mu gihe bakoresha imbaraga zabo zidasanzwe zo kubungabunga ubuziranenge.

IV. Ibyiza byo guhindagurika, guhuza, no gukora neza

Uretse imbaraga zayo zo kurwanya mikorobe,CMITItanga inyungu zikomeye ukurikije uko ikoreshwa mu gushushanya. CMIT igaragaza ko ihamye neza mu miterere itandukanye ya pH, ikomeza kugira akamaro kayo hagati ya pH 2 na 9, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa kuva ku gushushanya aside kugeza ku gushushanya amabara adafite aho ahuriye n'amazi n'amazi y'inganda afite alkaline nke. Ihamye mu bushyuhe bwayo ituma ikomeza gukora ndetse no mu bidukikije aho ubushyuhe bwinshi buboneka.

CMITNanone kandi, ihuza neza n'ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa mu gushushanya, harimo ibintu bitangiza ibara ry'umukara, anionic, na amphoteric surfactants, ndetse n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bya polymer, thickeners, na emulsifiers. Uku guhuza bigabanya ibyago byo guhura nabi bishobora gutuma gushushanya bidahinduka cyangwa bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kubika bugabanuka. Bitandukanye n'ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bishobora gukorana n'ibindi bice kugira ngo bikore ibintu bito, CMIT yishyira hamwe mu buryo bunoze idahungabanya imiterere y'ubwiza nk'ibara, impumuro, cyangwa imiterere. Byongeye kandi, CMIT ntabwo igira uruhare mu gutuma formaldehyde irekurwa cyangwa ngo ibe irimo ibintu biyungurura halogenated, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku bidukikije ugereranyije n'ikoranabuhanga rya kera ryo kubika.

 V. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa CMIT mu buryo bwa none bwo kubungabunga

Nubwo hari inzitizi z’amategeko zijyanye n’ikoreshwa ryayo,CMITIracyari igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho bya formulateur. Kuba ihendutse ku giciro cyayo - ikaba irinda cyane ku gipimo gito cyane - bituma ihendutse cyane kurusha izindi miti myinshi irinda kwangirika isaba ingano nyinshi. Igipimo cyayo cyihuse cyo kwica gitanga uburinzi bwihuse ku byanduza, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane mu nganda aho ibicuruzwa byinshi biba bishobora kwangirika mu gihe cyo gukora no gupakira. Imikorere yayo yagutse ituma irindwa cyane ubwoko bwose bw'udukoko duto dukunze kubangamira ibicuruzwa by'inganda, byoroshya ingamba zo kubibungabunga.

Ntegereje imbere,CMITUruhare mu kubungabunga inganda byitezwe ko ruzakomeza, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bitari iby’ubwiza aho imikorere yabyo myiza n’inyungu z’ikiguzi bitagereranywa. Ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa ku ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gutunganya no gutanga uburyo bwo kurinda bishobora kongera umutekano wabyo, bigatuma bikomeza gukoreshwa mu gihe hakemurwa ibibazo bishya ku buzima n’ibidukikije. Uko inganda zibungabunga ibidukikije zigenda zitera imbere zigana ku bisubizo birambye, CMIT ishobora gukomeza kuba umuti w’ibanze urwanya udukoko—uhuza imikorere myiza n’inshingano zikomeye z’umutekano n’amategeko.